Deep Freeze is a software tool that creates a virtual layer on top of a computer's operating system, allowing users to reset their PC to a previous state. This can include recovering a forgotten password.

Meltdown is a vulnerability (CVE-2017-5754) that allows an attacker to access sensitive data, including passwords, by exploiting a weakness in the way modern CPUs handle memory isolation.

The Meltdown and Spectre vulnerabilities, discovered in 2018, affect many modern CPUs and allow attackers to access sensitive data, including passwords. These vulnerabilities can be exploited through side-channel attacks, which enable hackers to recover sensitive information.